The Civil Aviation (Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures) Regulations, 2025
2. Interpretation
2. Interpretation
In these Regulations unless the context otherwise requires—“Act” means the Civil Aviation Act (Cap. 394);“aerodrome operating minima” means the limits of usability of an aerodrome for—(a)take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;(b)landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility or runway visual range and decision altitude or height as appropriate to the category of the operation;(c)landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of visibility or runway visual range and decision altitude or height; and(d)landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility or runway visual range, minimum descent altitude or height and, if necessary, cloud conditions;“aerodrome reference point” means the designated geographical location of an aerodrome;“aeronautical chart” means a representation of a portion of the earth, its culture and relief, specifically designated to meet the requirements of air navigation;“aeronautical data” means a representation of aeronautical facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing;“aeronautical information” means information resulting from the assembly, analysis and formatting of aeronautical data;“Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC)” means a notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a Notice To Air Men or for inclusion in the Aeronautical Information Publication, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters;“aeronautical information product” means aeronautical data and aeronautical information provided either as digital data sets or as a standardized presentation in paper or electronic media and includes—(a)aeronautical information publication, including amendments and supplements;(b)aeronautical information circulars;(c)aeronautical charts;(d)notice to air men; and(e)digital data sets;“aeronautical information publication” means a publication issued by or with the authority of a state and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation;“aeronautical information service” means a service established within the defined area of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical data and aeronautical information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation;“aeronautical information publication supplement” means temporary changes to the information contained in the aeronautical information publication which are published by means of special pages;“air navigation services” means—(a)communication services, whether ground to air or ground to ground, provided for the safety of the aircraft;(b)navigational services, that is to say radio, radar and visual aids to navigation;(c)air traffic services provided for the safety of aircraft; and(d)aeronautical information services;“air navigation services provider” means an independent entity established for the purpose of providing one or more of the air navigation services as defined in these Regulations;“area navigation (RNAV)” means a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground-or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these;“arrival routes” means routes identified in an instrument approach procedure by which aircraft may proceed from the en-route phase of flight to an initial approach fix;“air traffic service route” means a specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services;“Authority” has the meaning assigned to it under section 2 of Act;“certificate” means the certificate for the provision of air navigation services issued by the Authority under Part II of these Regulations;“flight procedure design service provider” means a service provider authorised through the issuance of a certificate to design, document, validate, maintain and periodically review flight procedures necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation;“designer” means a person adequately trained who performs the design of an instrument flight procedure;“flight procedure design” means the complete package that includes all the considerations that went into the development of an instrument flight procedure;“flight procedure designer” means a person responsible for flight procedure design who meets the competency requirements as laid down by the State;“instrument approach procedure” means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply;“flight procedure design service” means a service established for the design, documentation, validation, maintenance and periodic review of flight procedures necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation;“flight procedure process” means the overarching process from data origination to the publication of an instrument flight procedure;“fly-by waypoint” means a waypoint which requires turn anticipation to allow tangential interception of the next segment of a route or procedure;“flyover waypoint” means a waypoint at which a turn is initiated in order to join the next segment of a route or procedure;“integrity (aeronautical data)” means a degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorized amendment;“integrity classification (aeronautical data)” means classification based upon the potential risk resulting from the use of corrupted data classified as—(a)routine data: there is a very low probability when using corrupted routine data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe;(b)essential data: there is a low probability when using corrupted essential data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and(c)critical data: there is a high probability when using corrupted critical data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe;“missed approach point” means that point in an instrument approach procedure at or before which the prescribed missed approach procedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed;“missed approach procedure” means that procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be continued;“nautical mile” means the length equal to 1,852 metres exactly;“navigation specification” means a set of aircraft and flight crew requirements needed to support performance-based navigation operations within a defined airspace and there are two kinds of navigation specifications—(a)area navigation specification — a navigation specification based on area navigation that does not include the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNAV; and(b)required navigation performance specification — a navigation specification based on area navigation that includes the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNP;“obstacle” means all fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that—(a)are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft;(b)extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight; or(c)stand outside those defined surfaces and that have been assessed as being a hazard to air navigation;“obstacle clearance altitude or obstacle clearance height” means the lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria;“obstacle free zone” means the airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, and balked landing surface and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes;“obstacle or terrain data collection surface” means a defined surface intended for the purpose of collecting obstacle or terrain data;“operator” means a person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation;“operations manual” means a manual prepared by a service provider or a person applying for approval;“performance based navigation” means area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an air traffic service route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace;“precision approach procedure” means an instrument approach procedure utilizing azimuth and glide path information provided by an Instrument landing system or precision approach radar;“specified” means requirements by the Authority as contained in the Implementing standards, circulars, directives, orders, notices, aeronautical publications and any other documents issued by the Authority;“procedure turn” means a manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track;“quality” means a degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements;“quality control” means part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements;“quality management” means coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to quality;“quality system” means the organisational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management;“reliability” means the probability that the service will perform its function or functions without failure for a specified period;“resolution” means a number of units or digits to which a measured or calculated value is expressed and used;“required navigation performance (RNP) means a statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace;“safety management system” means a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures;“significant point” means a specified geographical location used in defining an air traffic service route or the flight path of an aircraft and for other navigation and air traffic service purposes;“state safety programme” means an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety;“terminal arrival altitude” means the lowest altitude that will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all objects located in an arc of a circle defined by a 46 km (25 NM) radius centred on the initial approach fix, or where there is no initial approach fix on the intermediate approach fix, delimited by straight lines joining the extremity of the arc to the Intermediate Fix;Note: The combined Terminal Arrival Altitude s associated with an approach procedure shall account for an area of 360 degrees around the intermediate fix.“terminal control area” means a control area normally established at the confluence of air traffic services routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes;“terrain” means the surface of the earth containing naturally occurring features such as mountains, hills, ridges, valleys, bodies of water, permanent ice and snow, and excluding obstacles;“touchdown and lift-off area” means a load bearing area on which a helicopter may touch down or lift off;“touchdown zone” means the portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first contact the runway;“transition altitude” means the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes;“visual approach procedure” means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by visual reference, from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, a go-around procedure can be carried out;“visual flight procedures” means a description of a series of predetermined flight manoeuvres by reference to visual aids or markers, published by electronic or printed means;“waypoint” means a specified geographical location used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation identified as either by fly-by waypoint or flyover waypoint.Source: Kenya Law